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Diversity and distribution of proteorhodopsin-containing microorganisms in marine environments

Bo WEI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 98-106 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0278-y

摘要： Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a recently discovered protein involved in the utilization of light energy. Several studies have shown that PR-containing microorganisms are widespread and compose a large proportion of the biomass in marine ecosystems. A better understanding of the ecological role of PR will help clarify the effect of the global flow of energy and the carbon cycle on marine communities. In this study, a bioinformatical database of PR codon sequences, the Global Distribution Database of Proteorhodopsin (GDDP), as a tool for analyzing the diversity and distribution of PR-containing microorganisms in marine environments throughout the world was designed. The community structure of PR microorganisms were also compared using PCR assays and UniFrac analyses of 12 samples collected from three water layers (0, 75, and 200 m) at four representative sites in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. The results indicate that PR-containing microorganisms can be grouped into two distribution types: widespread and location-specific. Representative cases of the former include SAR11-PR and HOT2C01-PR. Interestingly, PR communities cluster by geographic locale but not by water depth.

关键词： proteorhodopsin (PR) microorganism community diversity marine environments

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Management strategies of marine food resources under multiple stressors with particular reference ofthe Yellow Sea large marine ecosystem

Qisheng TANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 85-90 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014021

摘要：

In this study two main management strategies are discussed: one is to develop resource conservation-based capture fisheries, and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture. During the resource recovery period, the development of environmentally friendly aquaculture should be encouraged, especially in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, which is adaptive, efficient and sustainable. For future development and better understanding the ecosystem, it is necessary to further strengthen basic research.

关键词： marine ecosystem management strategies food resources Yellow Sea

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The antibiotic resistome: gene flow in environments, animals and human beings

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 161-168 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0531-x

摘要：

The antibiotic resistance is natural in bacteria and predates the human use of antibiotics. Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been discovered to confer resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The ARGs in natural environments are highly integrated and tightly regulated in specific bacterial metabolic networks. However, the antibiotic selection pressure conferred by the use of antibiotics in both human medicine and agriculture practice leads to a significant increase of antibiotic resistance and a steady accumulation of ARGs in bacteria. In this review, we summarized, with an emphasis on an ecological point of view, the important research progress regarding the collective ARGs (antibiotic resistome) in bacterial communities of natural environments, human and animals, i.e., in the one health settings. We propose that the resistance gene flow in nature is “from the natural environments” and “to the natural environments”; human and animals, as intermediate recipients and disseminators, contribute greatly to such a resistance gene “circulation.”

关键词： antibiotic resistance resistome microbiome gene flow

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海洋鱼类资源的可持续利用和海洋鱼类科学技术的研究方向

林浩然

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 27-30

摘要：

积极实施海洋鱼类的增殖与养殖是海洋鱼类资源合理开发和可持续利用的基本措施和有效途径。因此，建立和提高海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的新技术，是近年来海洋生物技术的重要研究领域之一。海洋鱼类的生殖内分泌生理学、生长与发育生物学、免疫学、分子生物学等是海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的理论基础；系统深入地开展这些学科的基础研究和应用基础研究，成为当前海洋鱼类科学技术的前沿和主要发展方向。

关键词：海洋鱼类资源可持续利用海洋鱼类增殖和养殖海洋鱼类科学技术海洋生物技术

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Influence of initial curing conditions and exposure environments on chloride migration in concrete using

Wen XUE, Weiliang JIN, Hiroshi YOKOTA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 348-353 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0077-3

摘要： To investigate the influence of initial curing conditions and exposure environments on chloride ions’ migration in concrete, the specimens that were cured in different conditions and placed in several marine environments were studied. The amount of chloride ions passing through the specimen’s section was monitored in the accelerated chloride migration test. The effective chloride diffusion coefficients () were calculated from the steady-state on the basis of Nernst-Planck’s equation. The results indicated that the initial curing conditions and the wet-dry interval of external environments have coupling influence on effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion significantly. reflected the density and pore connectivity of concrete. The co-effects of the initial curing condition and following exposure environment should be taken into account in durability design for concrete structure located in marine environment.

关键词： durability effective diffusion coefficient steady-state migration test

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Macrozoobenthic assemblages in relation to environments of the Yangtze-isolated lakes

Baozhu PAN, Haijun WANG, Hongzhu WANG, Zhaoyin WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 246-254 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0381-8

摘要： Eutrophication can shift lakes from a clear, macrophyte-dominated state to a turbid, algae-dominated state, and different habitat condition supports different fauna. Macrozoobenthos are good indicators of water environment, and studies on macrozoobenthic assemblage characteristics can help us to know which state a lake is in, thus provide the basis for its eutrophication control. In this study, a systematic investigation on macrozoobenthos was conducted in 17 Yangtze-isolated lakes to explore the macroecological laws of macrozoobenthic assemblages. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed that variance of benthic assemblage structure occurred in two types of lakes. In macrophytic lakes, altogether 51?taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified. The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 2231?individuals·m and 1.69 g dry weight·m , respectively. Macrozoobenthic assemblage was characterized by dominance of scrapers (i.e. gastropods). In algal lakes, altogether 20 taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified. The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 2814 individuals·m and 1.38 g dry weight·m , respectively. Macrozoobenthic assemblage was characterized by dominance of collector-gatherers (i.e. oligochaetes). Wet biomass of submersed macrophytes ( ) and phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration ( ) were demonstrated as the key factor structuring macrozoobenthic assemblages in macrophytic and algal lakes, respectively.

关键词： macrozoobenthos assemblage characteristics environment analyses macrophytic lake algal lake

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Demands and challenges for construction of marine infrastructures in China

Huajun LI; Yong LIU; Bingchen LIANG; Fushun LIU; Guoxiang WU; Junfeng DU; Huimin HOU; Aijun LI; Luming SHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 551-563 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0839-8

摘要： The oceans are crucial to human civilization. They provide core support for exploitation and utilization of marine space, resources, and energy. Thus, marine infrastructures are vital to a nation’s economic sustainable development. To this end, this article first describes the main challenges in current ocean utilization, and then reviews the China’s ocean engineering progress. As such, six major sectors are evaluated: 1) global climate change and marine environment, 2) comprehensive utilization of marine space, 3) marine transportation infrastructure interconnection, 4) ocean clean energy development and maricultural facilities, 5) ecological crisis and marine engineering countermeasures, and 6) marine infrastructure operation safety and maintenance. Finally, perspectives on future directions of ocean utilization and marine infrastructure construction in China are provided.

关键词： marine infrastructures ocean engineering exploitation of marine resource coastal development emerging marine industries technological challenges

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Sensitivity analysis of the deterioration of concrete strength in marine environment to multiple corrosive

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 175-190 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0791-z

摘要： The corrosion degradation behavior of concrete materials plays a crucial role in the change of its mechanical properties under multi-ion interaction in the marine environment. In this study, the variation in the macro-physical and mechanical properties of concrete with corrosion time is investigated, and the source of micro-corrosion products under different salt solutions in seawater are analyzed. Regardless of the continuous hydration effect of concrete, the damage effects of various corrosive ions (Cl^–,

S O 4 2 −

, and Mg²⁺, etc.) on the tensile and compressive strength of concrete are discussed based on measurement in different salt solutions. The sensitivity analysis method for concrete strength is used to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of concrete strength to the effects of each ion in a multi-salt solution without considering the influence of continued hydration. The quantitative results indicate that the addition of Cl^– can weaken the corrosion effect of

S O 4 2 −

by about 20%, while the addition of Mg²⁺ or Mg²⁺ and Cl^– can strengthen it by 10%–20% during a 600-d corrosion process.

关键词： sensitivity analysis concrete strength corrosion deterioration multi-ion interaction marine environment

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Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 2-2 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1436-0

摘要：

• Polystyrene microplastic caused hormesis-like effects in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

关键词： Microplastics Marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin Growth Photosynthetic pigments Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

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蓝色海洋生物资源开发战略研究

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋生物资源课题组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 32-40 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.004a

摘要：

为了提升海洋生物资源的开发能力，推进海洋强国的建设，中国工程院于2011年启动了“中国海洋生物资源工程与科技发展战略研究”重大咨询课题研究。课题从海水养殖、资源养护、远洋渔业、质量安全与加工流通、海洋药物与生物制品五个重要领域开展咨询调查研究，系统分析研究了发展现状、趋势和战略需求，提出了多层面地开发利用海洋生物资源的“养护、拓展、高技术”三大发展战略和推进蓝色海洋生物产业“可持续、安全、现代工程化”发展的三大战略目标及其任务，建议国家优先启动“蓝色海洋食物开发工程”和“蓝色海洋药物与生物制品关键技术开发工程”两个重点研发专项。

关键词：蓝色海洋生物资源开发发展战略研发专项

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海洋科考装备技术发展战略研究

董胜,廖振焜,于立伟,李华军

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 33-41 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.004

摘要：

海洋科考装备是发展海洋科学的重要基础。近年来我国自主研发的海洋科考装备接连取得突破，部分装备已达到国际先进水平，但依然存在诸多技术问题。本文以海洋科考装备发展战略需求为导向，围绕科考船、潜水器、浮标潜标、海洋传感器和海洋观测系统等调研国内外海洋科考装备发展现状；分析我国海洋科考装备技术发展在关键组件、技术发展、数据管理、基础保障、需求匹配等方面遇到的问题；总结面向深远海和极地的绿色化、无人化、智能化、协同化的未来发展趋势；梳理总体和各分类装备发展中需要注重的关键核心技术。在此基础上，从梳理短板技术重点突破、加强统筹协同提高保障能力、完善创新机制促进多学科交叉融合、强化市场思维推动产业化进程、依托先进科考平台拓展国际合作等方面提出发展建议，以期为进一步推动海洋科考装备快速发展提供参考。

关键词：海洋科考；深海装备；极地海洋装备；海洋观测系统；智能化；装备研发

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Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1357-3

摘要： Abstract • The built environment, occupants, and microbiomes constitute an integrated ecosystem. • This review summarizes research progress which has focused primarily on microbiomes. • Critical research needs include studying impacts of occupant behaviors on microbiomes. Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another. Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment. This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities. In addition, this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments. The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review.

关键词： Microbiome Built Environment Occupant Health

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海洋生物技术与资源的可持续性利用

徐洵

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 40-42

摘要：

海洋是地球上最大的生物资源库，它不仅提供人类优质蛋白质，还蕴藏有结构新颖、性能独特的生物活性物质。由于海洋环境的严酷性和条件的特殊性，开发海洋资源难度较大，只有利用现代生物技术，特别是关键的基因工程技术，才有可能持续地发展和利用海洋生物资源，从而为解决21世纪人类资源匮乏的问题开创新路。本文以长期困扰对虾养殖业的对虾白班杆状病毒为例，阐述了该病毒基因组研究的进展情况以及开展该病毒功能基因组研究的重要性。病毒的分子生物学研究将为防治养殖病害奠定基础。本文还强调了深海基因资源是一个有待开发的潜在宝库，是国际竞争的焦点之一，开展深海基因资源的研究在我国已刻不容缓。

关键词：海洋生物技术对虾白班杆状病毒深海基因资源

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基于修正氯离子扩散理论模型和海洋大数据的中国北方海洋混凝土结构工程服役寿命设计 Article

冯滔滔, 余红发, 谭永山, 麻海燕, 许梅, 岳承军

《工程（英文）》 2022年第17卷第10期页码 123-139 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.030

摘要：

本研究通过试验研究和海洋工程耐久性参数大数据集的调研，明确了中国北方海洋工程耐久性设计参数的取值、范围和分布类型。基于修正的氯离子扩散理论模型和可靠性理论，计算了浪溅区、潮汐区和水下区混凝土结构的服役寿命。设计了满足100 年或120 年服役寿命要求的混凝土配合比，并提出了保护层厚度要求。此外，对比了边界条件（C_s）和扩散系数（D_f）的不同时变关系对服役寿命的影响，结果表明，本研究采用的时变关系（即C_s持续增加后保持稳定，D_f持续降低后保持稳定）对于海洋环境下混凝土结构的耐久性设计具有有利效应。

关键词：大数据集修正的理论模型可靠性理论服役寿命边界条件扩散系数

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海洋运载工程发展战略研究

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋运载课题组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 10-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.002

摘要：

海洋运载装备是认知海洋、开发海洋、利用海洋、维护海洋权益的基础和保障。本文结合海洋运载工程与科技发展的战略需求，在深入剖析国内外发展现状与差距的基础上，明确海洋运载工程与科技未来的发展方向和趋势，研究提出我国海洋运载装备发展的战略定位、目标、战略任务与重点领域，并提出相应的措施和政策建议，供行业相关部门参考。

关键词：海洋运载装备重要保障工程与科技发展战略